《国际》中的指代错误俯拾即是,令人读后不知所云,如在第188页的One (reason) is that when the participants(黑体为笔者所加,表示有误,下同)listen to native speakers talking, he finds that they produce partial sentences, incomplete phrases, which are different from what they learn from their listening course. Usually, foreign participants are used to the ideal strings of complete, perfectly formed sentences, as they are taught to speak slowly and clearly and his teacher generally addresses the class in a slow and clear style一句中,participants是个复数名词,此处指参加国际会议的两个以上的中国人,可是后面这个he却来得非常突兀,它究竟是指谁呢?根据上下文难以推断。此后的第一个they想来是指native speakers,后一个they则指参加国际会议的中国人,但是foreign participants(外国与会者)就又叫人不知所指了。如果中国学者去境外国家参加国际会议,那么这个词可以包括中国人;若是国际会议在中国举行,那么它就应该指非中国人了。再往后的they虽然和foreign participants的所指一致,但是his teacher又出现得很突然,令人如坠云雾。原句子改作One (reason) is that when the Chinese participants listen to native speakers talking at international conferences, they note that the speakers produce partial sentences and incomplete phrases, which are different from what they have learned from their listening courses taught in China. Usually Chinese scholars are used to the ideal strings of complete, perfectly-formed sentences as they have been taught to speak slowly and clearly and their teachers generally address the class in a slow and clear style,读起来意思才比较清楚。
在第55页的The writer must indicate the source of all information and ideas from existing work that he or she uses in his writing一句中,编著者用了he or she uses,说明他们具有这样的意识,即在以英语为母语的人当中,有相当一部分人的女权意识比较强烈,容不得文章中用he或his或him来泛指一类人的现象,因此编著者在he后面加上or she无疑是恰当的,但是后面的in his writing也应当相应地调整为in his or her writing才是,否则会造成理解混乱。另外,在这个语境中,author(作者)一词,似乎要比writer(通常指“作家”)更加准确;而且source也应当用其复数形式sources才好,因为一个作者在写文章的时候,引用的资料和观点,常常源自多个出处。照此推理,work也应当用其复数形式works(作品/著作)。全句拟改为:The author must indicate the sources of all information and ideas from existing works that he or she uses in his or her writing。
《国际》中还有缺乏指示代词的句子,如第59页的if no organization owns the material, then is referred to by its title。原句中少了代词it,应改为then it is referred to by its title。
2.语法与词法错误
语法和词法错误,乃至非常严重的低级错误,在《国际》中也不胜枚举。比如第189页的In addition, the listeners’ own interest to the speaker and his presentation attribute to his understanding of what the speaker said,句中的interest后,应跟介词in而不是to;attribute to(把[某事]归因于……)在此不仅系用词错误,而且还因词尾缺少表示动词单数的s,与主语interes
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