《红楼梦》死亡主题研究

中文 摘 要

《红楼梦》研究已经有两百多年的历史，蔚为大观。作者曹雪芹倾尽一生心血，使这部“前无古人，后无来者”的顶峰之作呈现出千姿百态，言之不尽的魅力。小说用诸多意象，使全文隐透着死亡始终在场的气息，很多人物，在纷繁的红尘里，最终用死亡的方式结束了无奈的命运。《红楼梦》对于死亡的思考，剖开了人类生命所不能承受之重。本文着眼于《红楼梦》的死亡主题，来解读这部伟大作品中个体通过对死亡的选择所表达出的人类命运的无可解脱，以及在这黯淡处境中对生命高度的关注。本文分为绪论、正文、结语三个部分。

绪论简要介绍了研究《红楼梦》死亡主题的概况，本论文的选题意义和研究方法，对论文中所要使用的一些概念进行了界定和辨析。

第一章立足《红楼梦》中的死亡描写，从死亡事件和死亡主体两个方面入手，列举了具体人物的死亡概况，及主要人物面对死亡时的表现和态度，着重探讨了自杀而亡的死亡方式。

第二章写《红楼梦》中出现的意象，如落花和流水，这些意象间接的透露出死亡的气息。梦意象是诸多意象中着重运用的，它与死亡的关系更加的密切。

第三章写《红楼梦》中的死亡意识，死亡意象出现的背后都是死亡意识的觉醒。本章主要分两个部分，一是自我意识的觉醒和死亡发现，自我意识的觉醒是死亡发现的首要条件，死亡发现又主要因观他人之死和观自然变化两个外在原因而清晰。二是生命悲剧的觉醒，这是死亡意识发展所带来必然的认识，在生命的悲剧里，《红楼梦》人物谱写出一曲壮丽的悲歌。

第四章探讨《红楼梦》中最终的死亡解脱，着眼贾宝玉的出家，从王国维的《<红楼梦>评论》探讨死亡解脱的原因和方式，看贾宝玉的出家是否是人类在无可摆脱的命运中所找到的适性得意的路途。

结语部分主要是关于《红楼梦》死亡主题的意义。

关键词：《红楼梦》，死亡主题，生命，解脱

注：《红楼梦》书名的翻译比较多，目前比较流行的是Dreams of Red Mansion 和The Story of Stone， 我选择的是The Story of Stone（即《石头记》）

On the Theme of Death in The Story of Stone

Abstract: The study of The Story of Stone in China has been going on for more than two centuries. Now the study presents a magnificent sight. This unprecedented novel, written by Cao Xueqin for his whole life, peaks in Chinese literature and holds a variety of indefinite charms. In the novel, there are many images which make the novel filled with the horrible atmosphere of death. Many characters living in the mortal world have no choice but to bring their fates to an end by choosing death. The thought on death in the novel exposes the unbearable weight over human life. This article is focused on the theme of death to interpret the inescapable doom of human beings, which is expressed in the novel through the individual choice of death. This article consists of such three parts as the introduction, body and conclusion.

The introduction is focused on the previous study on the theme of death in the novel, the significance of this topic and the studying methods. The further discussion is made on the definition and differentiation of certain terms used in the article.

In chapter one, it is based on the description of death in the novel. In the perspectives of death incidents and death subject, a general list is made of the survey of the individual deaths and of the expressions and attitudes of main characters facing death. But the stress is laid on the suicidal methods.

In chapter two, it is focused on the images in the novel, such as falling flowers, flowing water, etc. These images reveal the atmosphere of death in the roundabout way. Dream image, most important, is greatly applied, because it has closer ties with death.

In chapter three, it mainly deals with the death awareness. The awakening of death awareness is usually hidden behind the death images. This chapter is divided into two sections. In section one, the discussion is made on the awakening of self-consciousness and the discovery of death; the former is the primary condition of the latter, and the discovery of death is well-revealed in the perspective of such two external reasons as the death of others and the change of nature. In section two, the study is made on the consciousness of tragedy in life, which is a necessity of the development of death awareness. Because of the tragedy, this novel composes a melancholy touching song.

In chapter four, the discussion is made on the ultimate escape from death. In the perspective of Jia Baoyu’s renunciation of his family to live as a monk, and on the basis of Wang Guowei’s discussion on the reasons for and the means of escaping from death in his Comments on The Stories of Stone, we can find whether Jia Baoyu’s renunciation of his family is an appropriate and satisfying approach ever found in the inescapable fate of human beings.

The conclusion is made of the significance of the death theme in The Stories of Stone.

Key words: The Story of Stone, the theme of death, life, escape

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