1、英译汉

1．1管理学—MBA教程翻译：领导艺术

[原文] Leaders are made, not born, and how they develop is critical for organizational change.

Seven Transformations of Leadership

by David Rooke and William R. Torbert

Most developmental psychologists agree that what differentiates leaders is not so much their philosophy of leadership, their personality, or their style of management. Rather, it's their internal "action logic"—how they interpret their surroundings and react when their power or safety is challenged. Relatively few leaders, however, try to understand their own action logic, and fewer still have explored the possibility of changing it.

They should, because we've found that leaders who do undertake a voyage of personal understanding and development can transform not only their own capabilities but also those of their companies. In our close collaboration with psychologist Susanne Cook-Greuter—and our 25 years of extensive survey-based consulting at companies such as Deutsche Bank, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Hewlett-Packard, NSA, Trillium Asset Management, Aviva, and Volvo—we've worked with thousands of executives as they've tried to develop their leadership skills. The good news is that leaders who make an effort to understand their own action logic can improve their ability to lead. But to do that, it's important first to understand what kind of leader you already are.

[译文]领导者是造就出来的，而不是与生俱来的。领导者如何发展,对于组织变革至关重要。

领导者：你是七种中的哪一类型？

作者：大卫•鲁克  威廉•托伯特

大多数发展心理学家认为，导致领导者之间差异的并不是他们的领导哲学和个性，也不是他们的管理风格，而是他们的“行为逻辑”。行为逻辑决定了他们如何看待自身所处的环境，决定了他们如何应对自身权力或安全所受到的挑战。 然而，很少有领导者试图去探究自己的行为逻辑，真正改变自己行为逻辑的领导者就更是凤毛麟角了。

这些领导本应该可以做到的，因为据我们的发现可知，那些不断进行自我完善和发展的领导们不仅可以提升他们自己的能力，同时还可以改进他们公司的发展能力。在心理学者苏珊•库克•格罗伊特的密切协作下，我们25年里进行了广泛的以调查为基础的咨询研究。我们调查的企业、机构包括德国的德意志银行,美国的Harvard Pilgrim Health Care 基金会,惠普,美国安全局,美国的延龄草资产管理公司（Trillium Asset Management）,美国的Aviva通讯公司,和瑞典的沃尔沃集团公司等。我们与这些公司和机构的数千位执行官或经理们共同工作并发展他们的领导艺术。令人欣喜的是这些执行人员和经理们都尽力深入了解自己的行为逻辑，并不断提升自己的领导能力。当然，要做到这一点，最重要的是他们首先必需弄明白自己已经是什么类型的领导。

1．2 通用类：关于欧盟

[原文]What are the consequences of enlarging the EU?

Enlargement of the EU is not a new concept, for instance, Austria, Finland and Sweden only became members in 1995. The issue that concerns most with enlargement is the economic disparity between the existing and new members.

Advantages

·                 Economic growth. Enlargement will generate economic growth in both 'old' and 'new' member states: in the new states the reform of economic systems to a market economy will generate increased productivity and efficiency and allow them to be able to take advantage of the Single Market through increased trade; in the old states as trade and investment opportunities increase with the new states. Estimates suggest that job totals could increase in old member states by 300,000.

[译文] 欧盟扩张会产生什么样的后果？

欧盟扩张并不是什么新概念了，奥地利、芬兰和瑞典也只是在1995年才加入欧盟成为其成员国的。欧盟扩张过程中最令人关注的是老成员国与新成员国之间的经济差异问题。

有利后果

经济增长：欧盟的扩张将同时促进新老成员国的经济增长。对于欧盟的新成员国来说，它们为实现市场经济而进行的经济体制改革将提高他们的生产力和经济效率，并且使他们有机会利用单一市场提高他们的贸易额。对于原有成员国来说，新成员国的加入将给它们带来更多的贸易和投资机会。据估计，欧盟的扩张将为原有的成员国提供30万个就业机会。

1．3 技术类：汽车标准

[原文]

S26.2 Driver position 1 (chin on module).

S26.2.1 Adjust the steering controls so that the steering wheel hub is at the geometric center of the locus it describes when it is moved through its full range of driving positions. If there is no setting at the geometric center, position it one setting lower than the geometric center. Set the rotation of the steering wheel so that the vehicle wheels are pointed straight ahead.

S26.2.2 Mark a point on the steering wheel cover that is longitudinally and transversely, as measured along the surface of the steering wheel cover, within ±6 mm (±0.2 in) of the point that is defined by the intersection of the steering wheel cover and a line between the volumetric center of the smallest volume that can encompass the folded undeployed air bag and the volumetric center of the static fully inflated air bag. Locate the vertical plane parallel to the vehicle longitudinal centerline through the point located on the steering wheel cover. This is referred to as “Plane E.”

[译文]

S26.2司机位置1（下巴放模型上）

S26.2.1调整转向操作控制，以便转向轮毂在司机的整个位置区域移动时都位于所述位置的几何中心如果没有设定几何中心，那么就在稍低于几何中心的位置定位一个转动方向轮盘，让车轮都朝向正前方。

S26.2.2 在方向盘面上划一点作记号，这个点是在沿方向盘的表面测量而确定的。这个点的位置由方向盘表面和能装下未充气折叠气囊最小空间的中心与静止状态下充分冲气气囊的空间中心之间的一条线所交叉的那个点来确定。前面的那个记号点在这个交叉点的纵横±6 mm (±0.2 in)处，经过位于方向盘面的点，设置一垂直平面，使其与车辆纵向中心线平行这个面称为“平面E”。

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