一、what

1）代词（pron）（什么）

1. What be xx?    这（那）是什幺？

Eg.What are these?   These are books.  这些是什幺？这些是书。

Eg.What are you?     I am a student.   你是做什么的？我是一名学生

Eg.What are possessions to a dying man?对临终的人来说财产有什么意义?

2. What are xx doing?    xx正在做什么？

Eg.What are the girls doing?       They are singing.

3. What time/day/date/year …?  几点钟/星期几/几月几日/哪一年？

Eg.What time do you get up?     I usually get up at six.

Eg.What day is today?    It’s Sunday.

Eg.What date was your mother born on?

Eg.What year were you born in?

4. What will/did xx do on ...?  某人在某时间将做（做了）什幺？

Eg.What will Helen do on her birthday?

Eg.What did John do on New Year’s Day?

2）形容词（adj）（哪个/哪些，多么的）

1. what xx be/助动词…？

Eg.What college are you attending? 你在念哪个大学?

Eg.They soon repaired what damage had been done.

Eg.what book is that?    那是什么书？

2.what a xx!  多么的…！

Eg. What a fool!  多蠢啊!

Eg. What a pity!  太可惜了！

Eg. What a mess!  真是糟糕透了！

3）副词（adv）（多少/怎样）

1. what + be/助动词…?      多少/怎样？

Eg.what does it matter?     这有什么关系？

Eg. what bright colours!    多么鲜艳的颜色！

Eg.what is he like?      他是怎样的人？

Eg.what is the fare?     车（船）费是多少？

2. What in the world/on earth ...? 究竟/到底…？（in the world/on earth是插入语）

Eg.How in the world will he do it? 他到底将如何做这件事？

Eg.What in the world do you mean? 你的意思究竟是什幺？

4）其它

For what I know   据我所知

So what？  那又怎样呢？那有什么了不起？

What for?  为什么？

What is more.     加之，而且（插入语）

what if…?    如果…的话怎幺办呢？”（但经常用于反语，有时也变成“即使…也没关系”之意）

eg.What if he doesn’t agree? 如果他不同意该怎幺办呢？

What if the boy’s parents should die? 如果那男孩的父母死了该怎幺办呢？

Eg.What if I fail! 即使我失败了又怎样！

二、How

1）副词（adv）（如何，怎样）

1. how be xx?     xx怎么样？

Eg.how is she today?

2. How do/did xx + V ...?       xx是怎样…？

Eg.How did you do your work?    I did my work happily.

Eg.How does Mr. Wang drive his taxi?   He drives his taxi carefully.

Eg.how does this machine work?

3. how adj be xx?

Eg.how bad was it?   究竟有多糟糕？

4. How +adj …?      多少？（表程度）（如：how old、how many、how long）

Eg.How old are you? I am twelve (years old).

Eg.How many books do you have?

Eg.How many seasons are there in a year?

Eg.How much does this computer cost?

Eg.how long have you been waiting?

Eg.I don’t know how far to rely on him.我不知道应该依靠他到什么程度

5. What/How about + N/V-ing?       …如何？

What about going to a movie? 去看场电影如何？

What about lending me some money? 借点钱给我如何？

How about the others? 剩余的怎幺样？

6. how is it that …?    为什么…？

Eg. How is it that he left early?  他为什么这么早离开？

7. how else …?   …还有别的方法吗？

Eg.How else should a father in this modern world express his affection and concern for his own son?

现代这个世界上，父亲还应该有别的方法来对自己的儿子表示爱护和关心吗？

Eg.how else can the doctor save him? 医院还有别的方法可以救他吗？

Eg.How else can I apologize for her? 我还能有别的方法可以向她道歉吗？

2）其它

How come/so       怎么会，为什么

The hows and whys.   方法及理由

How then?  后来怎样？还有什么？

三、who

1. Who is xx?     xx是谁？

Eg.Who is that short boy?   That is Bill.

2. Who +动词？    谁…?

Eg.who left?  谁离开了？

Eg.That's the man who came to our house yesterday.

那就是昨天到过我们家来的人。