English

Chinese

Amplifier

放大器

Operational amplifier（op-amp）

运算放大器

transducer

传感器；变换器

Microphone

扩音器；麦克风

An’tenna

天线

discrete

离散的；分立的

General-purpose

通用的

interface

接口

Im’pedance

阻抗

Amplitude

振幅；幅度

Full range

满量程

Scale up

按比例增加/增大

resolution

分辨率

sampling resolution

采样分辨率

Gain

增益（系数）

Implementation

实现

Arbitrary

任意的

Ap’proach

近似，接近（v）；方法（n）

Solid-state

固态

Pre-built components

预制元件

Basic building block

基本构件

Dozens of

几十个；很多

Differential input

差分输入

Positive or non-inverting input

正输入（或同相输入）

Negative or inverting input

负输入（或反相输入）

Lower-case letter

小写字母

By convention

按约定；按照惯例

Deviation

偏差

Di’vergence

偏差

Explore

探讨；尝试

Desired level

期望值

Fundamental

基本的；重要的

Fundamental assumption

基本假设

Trick

诀窍

Closed-loop circuit

闭环电路

Open-loop

开环

distort

扭曲变形；失真

quantifiable

可量化的

Feed back

反馈

derivation

（公式）推导

De’nominator

（分数的）分母

Unity gain

单位增益

Negative input

反向输入

Su’perfluous

多余的；可以省略的

Resistor divider method

电阻相除的方法

Virtual short

虚短

Isolated

隔离

Feedback loop

反馈环

English

Chinese

Be most relevant in …

Eg. The design of amplifiers is normally most relevant in analog circuits such as those found in audio and RF communications.

非常重要/有用

放大器的设计在模拟电路设计中非常重要，比如像语音和RF通信中的模拟电路。

Where引导的定语从句

Amplifiers are often found at interfaces where the weak signal from a transducer (e.g., microphone or antenna) must be strengthened for sampling by an analog-to-digital converter.

如果where引导的从句太长，层次太多，可以调换顺序将其提到前面。

拟译：例如，在某些接口中需要将传感器（如麦克风或天线）产生的微弱信号增强后再传输到模/数转换的采样电路，这时就要用到放大器。

Scale

Eg.Even if a signal has sufficient amplitude, it may be desirable to scale it for better sampling resolution.

Eg. An amplifier can be used to scale the signal up to the full 5V input range of the converter.

本意：改变比例，调节；

通常有scale up或scale down两种。若单独出现scale，可根据上下文将它补全。

拟译：即使一个信号的幅值足够大，我们也希望将它放大一定比例以获得更好的采样分辨率。

拟译：我们可以用放大器将这个信号放大到转换器的5V满量程范围。

Distinguish … from …

Eg. Some people find it difficult to distinguish right from wrong.

Speeches distinguishes man from the animals.

把…与…区别开；使…有别于…

拟译：一些人认为很难辨对与错。

拟译：言语使人区别于动物。

From xx’s perspective, …

From one perspective

从xx观点来看，…

拟译：从一个角度看

Many of the implementation details of how an AC signal is amplified within the op-amp are hidden from the circuit designer, requiring only an understanding of how the op-amp behaves from an external perspective.

设计人员在设计电路时可以不管交流信号在运算放大器内是如何被放大的，而只需要了解从外部角度看运算放大器是如何工作的就可以了。

The first question that come to mind is …

Eg. Perhaps the first question that come to mind is how an amplifier with infinite gain can be made useful.

映入我们脑海的第一个问题就是…

拟译：也许映入我们脑海的第一个问题就是如何让一个增益无穷大的运算放大器发挥作用。

To the point of …

Eg. Without a feedback path, an open-loop op-amp circuit would, in fact, exhibit very high gain to the point of grossly distorting most types of signals.

达到…的程度/地步

拟译：事实上，如果没有反馈回路，运算放大器的开环增益将会非常大，造成绝大多数的输入信号严重扭曲失真。

Values of 2.2 kΩ and 3.3 kΩ provide feedback in the desired ratio with relatively low maximum current draw on the order of 1 mA.

拟译：采用2.2 kΩ和3.3 kΩ的电阻就可以获得预期的反馈比例，而电阻中最大电流比较小，为1 mA数量级。

Fixed sampling range

固定的采样范围

Be helpful to …

Eg. If a circuit such as this is implemented in reality, it would be helpful to understand the effect of finite op-amp gain on the circuit’s overall gain to ensure that the circuit operates as intended.

对…有益处，有助于…

拟译：如果上述电路得以实现，将有助于我们理解如何利用有限增益的运算放大器实现预期的电路增益。

A wide variety of xx

Eg. A wide variety of op-amps are manufactured with differing gains and electrical characteristics.

各式各样的

拟译：厂家已经生产出许多各种各样不同增益和电气特性的运算放大器。

Be around

Eg. One of the most common op-amps is the LM741, a device that has been around for decades.

在某一领域（行业）中突出

拟译：其中LM741是最常用的运算放大器之一，它已经风行了几十年。

介词for

For a real world op-amp gain of much less than infinity, the ideal gain expression for an op amp provides a very accurate calculation.

[表示让步] 虽然，尽管

拟译：尽管实际运算放大器的增益远小于无穷大，但是采用理想模型仍能够提供非常精确的计算结果。

Not the only xx available

Eg. The LM741 is not the only op-amp available

不是唯一可用的xx

拟译：LM741不是唯一可用的运算放大器

order of magnitude

eg. Newer and more advanced designs are readily available with gains an order of magnitude higher that that of the LM741.

数量级

拟译：在实际电路设计中我们可以采用比LM741更新、更先进的、放大增益比LM741大一个数量级的运算放大器。

There are instances in which …

Eg. There are instances in which a unity-gain buffer stage is desired.

有些情况下，…

拟译：有些情况下，需要采用单位增益缓冲级。

while

While an ideal op-amp has finite input impedance, a real op-amp has very high input impedance.

[表并列]

拟译：理想运算放大器的输入阻抗为无穷大，实际的运算放大器的输入阻抗也是非常大的。

As before, R₂ forms the feedback loop that stabilizes the circuit’s overall gain.

拟译：同以往一样，R2的作用是形成反馈回路，从而确定了总的电路增益。

With an alternative method

Eg. Op-amp circuits can also be analyzed with an alternative method that provides a slightly different view of their operation..

采取另外一种方法

拟译：我们也可以采取另外一种方法从另外一个稍有不同的角度来分析运算放大器的行为。

Fortunately, op-amps are very flexible, and the inverting configuration can be biased to center the output signal about a nonzero DC level.

幸运的是，运算放大器非常灵活。我们可以通过在反相电路构造上增加一个偏置电压，从而使使出信号处在以一个非0的直流电平为中间值的范围内。

Feed back to …

反馈到…

Knowing that …, …

知道/根据…，…

For a Purpose that already mentioned

实现前述的目的

xx Swings from 0V~5V

拟译：xx 0V~5V的输出范围

Take into account

考虑

As necessary

必要时；如有必要

Outside of our discuss

超出我们的讨论范围

In some situation

在某些情况下；在一些应用场合中