| 二、为了意义上的需要
英译汉有时有必要增加合适的动词、形容词或副词使译文意思明确例如
(1) When I came to I was in the water, swimming automatically, though I was about two thirds
drowned.
当我清醒过来时发觉自己在水里虽然浸得半死却本能地浮着。增补动词(原文
虽然没有"发觉"但译者根据上下文增补了它使译文意思更加明确、表达通顺。)
(2) He doubtlessly expected hugs, tablefuls of food, tears, laughter, and conversation followed
by more conversation, then hugs and more hugs all over again, without end.
毫无疑问他以为会有热烈的拥抱满桌的食物激动的泪水欢乐的笑声一段接一
段的谈话一次又一次的拥抱没完没了。译文中增加了三个相应的形容词形象地描绘出
他想象中的欢乐场景使意思更加明确表达更加生动。
(3) In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would
work on the drafting of the final communique.
晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后他还得起草最后公报。
(4) These soon told her,… how easy it was and how little it interfered with life's affairs to go
16 and see one's grave.
这些人不久便告诉她…去看自己亲人的坟墓是多么容易几乎一点儿也不妨碍日常生活。
(5) The sky is clear blue now the sun has flung diamonds down on meadow and bank and
wood.
此时已是万里蓝天太阳把颗颗光彩夺目的钻石洒向草原洒向河岸洒向树林。
有时为了意思明确还必须增加合适的名词或是重复同一名词例如
(1) These early cars were slow, clumsy, and inefficient.
这些早期的汽车速度缓慢行动笨拙效率不高。译文中在形容词前分别加上了三个名
词既使译文意思明确又使它形成四字词组匀称整齐。
英语中有一些由动词或形容词派生来的抽象名词翻译时也可根据上下文在其后增加适
当的名词使译文意思明确、符合汉语的表达习惯。例如
darkness 漆黑一团
madness 疯狂行为
complacency 自满情绪
backwardness 落后状态
(1) After all preparations were made, the planes were flown across the U.S. to San Francisco.
一切准备工作就绪以后飞机就飞越美国去旧金山。
(2) Recourse to arms is not the best solution to a quarrel between countries.
国与国之间的争端诉诸武力并不是最好的解决方法。
有时也有必要增加适当的连词例如
(3)Without a sense of your fault, how can repentance and amendment be expected如果对自
己的错误都不认识怎么能悔恨和改正呢增补"如果"使得原含蓄条件句中的隐性含义明
白无误。 | 
英文翻译技巧16