| 六、 主动式与被动式转换
英语中被动语态用得较多而汉语中被动语态则用得相对较少因此英译汉时被动语态
常常可转换为主动语态当然有时也可以保留其被动语态。而英语中的主动语态有时汉译
也可根据汉语的表达习惯转换为被动语态。
一 被动转换为主动
英语被动句式转换为汉语主动句式时原文中的主语在译文中有时仍可作主语有时也
可作宾语有时全句还可译成带表语的主动句。例如
(1) Heat is constantly produced by the body as a result of muscular and cellular activity. 由于
肌肉和细胞活动的结果身体不断地产生热。
(2) In a moment he will turn and see us, and his face will be lighted by a smile so radiant you'll
feel warm all the way through..过一会儿他会转过身来看着我们那时他脸上会泛出灿烂的微
笑让你全身都感到温暖。
(3) With the development of speech, the number of occasions producing sudden experiences of
pleasure increased, and since laughter was closely associated with speech, man had this means of
expressing his pleasure. 随着说话的发展 产生突然感受愉快的机会增多了并且由于笑与
说话密切相关人类就有了这种表达愉快的手段。
(4) In future conflicts, similar logistical problems are likely to be repeated-----raising the
prospect of mass confusion in a full-scale mobilization. 在未来的冲突中类似的后勤问题大概还
会重复出现从而在一次大规模的动员中有可能出现大乱。
当然有时英语被动语态翻译成汉语时仍可用被动句式例如
(1) When we were first captured, my own reaction was mainly one of fear and suspicion. 我们
刚被俘时我的感觉是又害怕又怀疑。
(2) The visitor was flattered and impressed.客人受宠若惊深为感动。 二 主动转换为被动
有时, 英语中主动句在汉译时可用汉语中的被动句来表达但这一现象似不多见。例如
(1) His acceptance into the Party is a quite natural thing. 他被吸收到党内是完全应该的。
(2) Appalled by what he had done, Bob rushed to the parapet and flung himself on the rocks
below, where the sea claimed him immediately.鲍勃对他所做的一切感到震惊他冲到护墙处
纵身跳到下面的岩石上立即被大海所吞没。 | 
英文翻译技巧25