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摘要:“设计-施工”总承包作为一种十分有效的工程建造模式得到越来越广泛的应用。在实际操作过程中,当业主决定采用DB模式之后还必须在承包商选定之前选择合适的DB操作类型(DB变异模式)。然而目前存在的DB变异模式种类繁多,所用术语不统一,并且很多学者对DB模式的分类都是不一致甚至相互矛盾。本文对不同的DB模式分类进行了系统的回顾和整理,并且总结出三条分类标准:设计比例,项目阶段和合同安排。设计比例是其中最根本的分类标准,但同样具有模糊和缺乏操作性的缺点。在系统考察了英国、美国和中国的工程设计过程之后,设计阶段将作为划分DB变异模式的主要标准,因为设计阶段不仅与设计比例紧密相关,而且相对固定且容易区分。最终根据业主/承包商所承担的不同设计任务将DB模式划分为下列5种类型:Develop and Construction, Novation design-build, Enhanced design-build, traditional design-build以及Turnkey模式。 |
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Design-build(DB)system has been demonstrated as an effective delivery method and more and more clients are resorting to this alternative. After the selection of design-build system, clients may need to choose the appropriate design-build variant before engaging the contractors. However there are many design-build variants and their definitions and classifications are highly diversified. Furthermore, the definitions of variants used in many classifications are not unified or may contradict to each other. Therefore a clear classification and definition of different DB variants is urgently needed. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to examine the classifications advocated by different researches. The rationales for their classifications are many folds and can be summarized as design proportion, project stages and contract arrangement. The design proportion is undoubtedly the most fundamental one, but it is vague and is difficult to operate. After the investigation of design procedure in U.K, U.S and Mainland China, design-stage is adopted as the fundamental rule for the classification, for it not only closely correlates with the design proportion, but is also comparatively certain and can be easily identified. At last 5 design-build variants are identified based on the extent of design work taken by clients/contractors. These variants are develop and construction, novation design-build, enhanced design-build, traditional design-build and turnkey.
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